Dr. Neeraj Kumar leads a laboratory working at the intersection of molecular biology, immunology, immunogenetics, and toxicology, with a focus on complex diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). His laboratory adopts a multidisciplinary approach, integrating molecular biology, immunology, and public health research to identify diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and preventive strategies.

His team has made significant contributions to T1D research, particularly in understanding the role of HLA-DR3 and DQ2-mediated immune responses of CD4+ T cells to various peptides of GAD65, a major autoantigen in T1D, and in highlighting the association of these markers with T1D in the North Indian population. These findings are important for advancing precision immunotherapy and risk prediction models.

Dr. Kumar is also actively engaged in public health research projects addressing the impact of air pollution on maternal and child health and vector-borne disease prevention. His ongoing work explores mechanistic links between air pollution exposure during pregnancy and IUGR, particularly through the AhR/CYP1A signaling axis. Another major initiative includes the development of digital community engagement tools for dengue control across India (OMNIVEC-India).

He has also mentored two Model Rural Health Research Units (MRHRUs) under the Department of Health Research. Through collaborative and translational research, his laboratory aims to bridge fundamental science with real-world health solutions.